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jkaninda 28de0d7b52 feat: mysql-bkup v2 on bkupkit
MysQL backup and restore built on the shared bkupkit core:
streaming end to end, with no dump held in memory or written to
local disk.
2026-10-28 11:18:56 +01:00

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---
title: Encrypt backups using GPG
layout: default
parent: How Tos
nav_order: 8
---
# Encrypt Backup
The image supports encrypting backups using one of two methods: **GPG with a passphrase** or **GPG with a public key**. When a `GPG_PASSPHRASE` or `GPG_PUBLIC_KEY` environment variable is set, the backup archive will be encrypted and saved as a `.sql.gpg` or `.sql.gz.gpg` file.
{: .warning }
To restore an encrypted backup, you must provide the same GPG passphrase or private key used during the backup process.
---
## Key Features
- **Cipher Algorithm**: `aes256`
- **Automatic Restoration**: Backups encrypted with a GPG passphrase can be restored automatically without manual decryption.
- **Manual Decryption**: Backups encrypted with a GPG public key require manual decryption before restoration.
---
## Using GPG Passphrase
To encrypt backups using a GPG passphrase, set the `GPG_PASSPHRASE` environment variable. The backup will be encrypted and can be restored automatically.
### Example Configuration
```yaml
services:
mysql-bkup:
# In production, lock your image tag to a specific release version
# instead of using `latest`. Check https://github.com/jkaninda/mysql-bkup/releases
# for available releases.
image: jkaninda/mysql-bkup
container_name: mysql-bkup
command: backup -d database
volumes:
- ./backup:/backup
environment:
- DB_PORT=3306
- DB_HOST=mysql
- DB_NAME=database
- DB_USER=username
- DB_PASSWORD=password
## Required to encrypt backup
- GPG_PASSPHRASE=my-secure-passphrase
# Ensure the pg-bkup container is connected to the same network as your database
networks:
- web
networks:
web:
```
---
## Using GPG Public Key
To encrypt backups using a GPG public key, set the `GPG_PUBLIC_KEY` environment variable to the path of your public key file. To restore such backups, set `GPG_PRIVATE_KEY` (a file path or the inline armored key; `/config/gnupg/private_key.asc` is picked up automatically) and, if the key is protected, `GPG_PRIVATE_KEY_PASSPHRASE` (defaults to `GPG_PASSPHRASE`).
### Example Configuration
```yaml
services:
mysql-bkup:
# In production, lock your image tag to a specific release version
# instead of using `latest`. Check https://github.com/jkaninda/mysql-bkup/releases
# for available releases.
image: jkaninda/mysql-bkup
container_name: mysql-bkup
command: backup -d database
volumes:
- ./backup:/backup
- ./public_key.asc:/config/public_key.asc
environment:
- DB_PORT=3306
- DB_HOST=mysql
- DB_NAME=database
- DB_USER=username
- DB_PASSWORD=password
## Required to encrypt backup
- GPG_PUBLIC_KEY=/config/public_key.asc
# Ensure the pg-bkup container is connected to the same network as your database
networks:
- web
networks:
web:
```
---
## Manual Decryption
If you encrypted your backup using a GPG public key, you must manually decrypt it before restoration. Use the `gnupg` tool for decryption.
### Decrypt Using a Passphrase
```bash
gpg --batch --passphrase "my-passphrase" \
--output database_20240730_044201.sql.gz \
--decrypt database_20240730_044201.sql.gz.gpg
```
### Decrypt Using a Private Key
```bash
gpg --output database_20240730_044201.sql.gz \
--decrypt database_20240730_044201.sql.gz.gpg
```
---
## Key Notes
- **Automatic Restoration**: Backups encrypted with a GPG passphrase can be restored directly without manual decryption.
- **Private key restore**: Backups encrypted with a GPG public key restore directly when `GPG_PRIVATE_KEY` is set; manual decryption also works.
- **Fail closed**: if `GPG_PUBLIC_KEY` (or any configured key) cannot be read, the backup fails instead of being stored unencrypted.
- **Security**: Always keep your GPG passphrase and private key secure. Use Kubernetes Secrets or other secure methods to manage sensitive data.
---
## Using age
[age](https://age-encryption.org) is a modern alternative to GPG. Set `AGE_RECIPIENTS` (one or more `age1...` or `ssh-ed25519 ...` public keys, comma or newline separated, or `AGE_RECIPIENTS_FILE`) and backups are saved as `.sql.gz.age`. Restore with the matching identity in `AGE_IDENTITY` (`AGE-SECRET-KEY-...`) or `AGE_IDENTITY_FILE` (default `/config/age/identity.txt`).
```yaml
environment:
- AGE_RECIPIENTS=age1ql3z7hjy54pw3hyww5ayyfg7zqgvc7w3j2elw8zmrj2kg5sfn9aqmcac8p
# restore:
# - AGE_IDENTITY_FILE=/run/secrets/age_identity
```
`AGE_PASSPHRASE` encrypts with a passphrase instead (it needs about 256 MiB of memory for the key derivation). `ENCRYPTION=auto|none|gpg|age` chooses explicitly; with `auto` (default) GPG wins when both GPG and age keys are set. Decrypt by hand with `age -d -i key.txt file.sql.gz.age | gunzip`.